The labour court dubai is a specialized judicial body that handles disputes between employers and employees. It operates under the UAE Labour Law (Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021) and ensures fair resolutions in employment-related conflicts. Understanding its structure, procedures, and jurisdiction is essential for both workers and employers in Dubai.

1. Jurisdiction of the Labour Court in Dubai

The Labour Court has exclusive authority over employment disputes, including:

• Unpaid salaries and end-of-service benefits

• Wrongful termination claims

• Disputes over employment contracts

• Workplace injuries and compensation

• Discrimination and harassment cases

• Visa and sponsorship-related issues

2. Structure of the Labour Court

The Labour Court in Dubai operates under the Dubai Courts system and consists of:

• First Instance Court – Hears initial complaints and evidence.

• Appeal Court – Reviews decisions from the First Instance Court.

• Court of Cassation – The highest level, ensuring legal consistency.

3. How to File a Case in the Labour Court

Step 1: Attempt Amicable Resolution

Before filing a case, employees must report disputes to the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE) for mediation.

Step 2: Filing a Lawsuit

If mediation fails, the employee or employer can file a case at the Labour Court by submitting:

• A copy of the employment contract

• Evidence (emails, salary slips, termination notices)

• MOHRE’s non-settlement certificate

Step 3: Court Proceedings

• The court schedules hearings for both parties to present arguments.

• A judgment is issued within a few weeks to months.

4. Key Labour Laws in Dubai

• Notice Period – Minimum 30 days (or as per contract).

• End-of-Service Gratuity – Calculated based on years of service.

• Working Hours – 8 hours/day or 48 hours/week (with overtime pay).

• Termination Rights – Employers must provide valid reasons for dismissal.

5. Common Labour Disputes in Dubai

• Unpaid Salaries – Employees can claim delayed wages with penalties.

• Illegal Termination – Workers can challenge unfair dismissal.

• Contract Violations – Disputes over job roles, working conditions, or benefits.

6. Employee Rights & Employer Obligations

Employee Rights:

• Timely payment of wages

• Safe working conditions

• Annual leave and sick leave

• End-of-service benefits

Employer Obligations:

• Providing a written contract

• Adhering to labour laws

• Issuing proper termination notices

• Paying all dues upon termination

7. Appealing a Labour Court Decision

If dissatisfied with the judgment, either party can appeal within 15 days (for employees) or 30 days (for employers).

8. Enforcement of Labour Court Judgments

Once a judgment is final, the winning party can enforce it through:

• Salary deductions (for unpaid wages)

• Travel bans (if the employer refuses to pay)

• Asset seizure (in extreme cases)

9. Recent Updates in UAE Labour Law

• 2022 Labour Law Reform – Introduced flexible work models (remote, part-time).

• Non-Compete Clauses – Now limited to 2 years post-employment.

• Equal Pay – Gender-based wage discrimination is prohibited.

10. Conclusion

The Labour Court in Dubai plays a crucial role in protecting workers' rights and ensuring fair employment practices. Both employees and employers should understand their legal rights and obligations to avoid disputes. If conflicts arise, following the proper legal procedures ensures a just resolution.